American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
type: channel
description: American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769) is an open-access and double-blind peer-reviewed international journal that aims to publish original research articles, case studies, and review papers. Journal is an interdisciplinary forum for researchers that address the intersection of education and STEM learning technologies. It aims to provide implications and scopes to develop and enhance STEM education as well as the uses of technology in education at all levels across the globe. It focuses to deliver perspectives at all levels, from the micro-level of explicit educational methods and tools to be used in the learning management system, educational institutional management method, development, and implementation, curriculum & content development, graduate employability, and quality education, to the macro-level of national policies and implementations; from primary education levels to adults in both territory and vocational education levels in schools, institutions and higher institutions to online, offline and lifelong learning.
publisher: GRN Publishing
language: en
publication name: American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
issn: 2993-2769
items: Motivational Typology in Conceptual Metaphor Theory
items: Linguistic Features of Labor-Related Idioms
items: Effective Charge Influence on Form Factors Calculations of Some Sn Isotopes
items: Portrait of Social Life in Fiction
items: Students’ Love for the English Language
items: Особенности Перевода Грамматико-Семантических Конструкций Условности И Намерения На Материале Корейского И Русского Языков
items: Individual Author Style in Formation Artistic Image of Tools Role
items: The Legal-Rational Legitimacy of Internal Affairs Bodies in Ensuring Information Security: A Socio-Philosophical Analysis
items: The Scottish Literary Space Within British Culture: Urban Imagery, Language, And the Construction of National Aesthetic Identity
items: Translation Strategies for Rendering National Ritual Realias from Uzbek into English
items: MORPHOLOGICAL PECULARITIES OF WORD ACQUISITION IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
items: The Peri as One of the Dominant Images in World Mythology
items: The Relationship Between Language and Consciousness in Wilhelm Von Humboldt’s Linguistic Philosophy
items: Semantics and Translation Challenges of State-Indicating Words in Uzbek and English
items: The Triz-Imen Method in the Intellectual Development of Children
items: Fundamentals of the Lexicographic Representation of Colloquial Units in the English Language
items: Advantages and Limitations of Online Dictionaries
items: Ielts Listening: Teaching Listening Skills in the Classroom
items: Metaphorical Expressions in the Uzbek Language and Their Communicative Functions
items: Contributions of Human Values in the Society Development
items: The Role of Teachers in Students’ Educational Journey
items: Social Service of a Teacher as a Factor in the Ecologization of Public Consciousness
items: From Ethnic Inheritance to Futuristic Societies: Identity, Alterity, and World-Building in Ursula K. Le Guin
items: Shaping the Future from the Margins: Afro-American Identity, Survival, and Radical Hope in Octavia E. Butler’s Parable Novels
items: The Association of Social Media to Body Image and Effects on Adolescents Self-Esteem in Some Selected Schools in Bamenda I Sub Division
items: Tashkent - The Center of Islamic Civilization
items: The Role of Plot and Conflict in O'tkir Hoshimov's Novel "Lives Passed in a Dream"
items: Legal Basis of the Prosecutor's Powers at the Stage of Initiating a Criminal Case
items: Lexicography and its Role in the Formation of a Linguistically Competent Language Personality
items: Connotative Meaning of Uzbek Verbs: Evaluative, Emotive and Stylistic Components in Lexicographic and Literary Data

Motivational Typology in Conceptual Metaphor Theory
type: item
description: Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) has undergone significant development since its early formulation, leading to more refined accounts of how and why metaphors emerge in human cognition. One of the most influential advances is the introduction of motivational typology, which explains the cognitive and experiential grounding of metaphorical mappings. This article examines motivational typology within conceptual metaphor theory, focusing on empirically grounded distinctions such as correlation-based and resemblance-based motivation, as well as later extensions incorporating cultural, pragmatic, and discourse-based factors. Drawing on the works of Joseph Grady, Zoltán Kövecses, Raymond Gibbs, Gerard Steen, and N. D. Arutyunova, the study analyzes how different motivational mechanisms contribute to metaphor formation and why these mechanisms complicate attempts at systematization. The article argues that metaphorical concepts cannot be classified solely by structural or semantic criteria, as their motivation reflects dynamic interactions between embodied experience, cognition, culture, and discourse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: conceptual metaphor theory
  topic: keywords
subject: motivational typology
  topic: keywords
subject: metaphor motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Xayrullayeva Gulasal Farhodovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-02-03
publication date: 2026-02-03
starting page: 6
ending page: 9

Linguistic Features of Labor-Related Idioms
type: item
description: This article defines key linguistic and cultural features of English phraseological units connected with labor and professional activity. Using a semantic and stylistic approach, it classifies work-related idioms according to dominant metaphorical source domains as physical effort, tools/mechanics, movement/career, time/energy, considers idioms originating from occupations and instruments, and describes structural properties such as fixedness and limited variability. The analysis shows that labor idioms encode social evaluations of diligence, efficiency, responsibility, and career progress, which is important for language learning and intercultural communication.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: phraseological units
  topic: keywords
subject: labor-related idioms
  topic: keywords
subject: metaphor
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahriyorova Shahnoza Shuhratjon qizi
creator: Bobojonova Shakhnoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-02-03
publication date: 2026-02-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

Effective Charge Influence on Form Factors Calculations of Some Sn Isotopes
type: item
description: The longitudinal form factors of 102,104,106Sn nuclei were calculated for two cases: with and without the core polarization effects. In this study, different values of effective charge were used to calculate the longitudinal form factors. e_p=1.5e,e_n=0.88e,e_p=0.98e,e_n=0.88e ,e_p=0.5e ,e_n=0.4e and e_p=0.35e ,e_n=0.35e and are plotted using black, blue, red and green curves, respectively, in all figures. The form factors of isotopes were also studied within shell model, using 100Sn as the inert core, and the others particles distributed on (1H9/2, 2F7/2, 2F5/2, 3P3/2, 3P1/2, and 1I13/2), which constitute the model space. The calculations in this study are based on a harmonic oscillator potential with a constant magnitude parameter (b) using the first-order correction of the Cohen-Korath (CK) perturbation and interaction theory. The inclusion of core polarization effect enhances the diffraction pattern of longitudinal form factors and it has the similar behavior for all different values of effective charge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Form Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Electron Scattering
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective Charge
  topic: keywords
subject: Core polarization
  topic: keywords
creator: Azhar N. Rahim
creator: Mohanad H. Oleiwi
creator: Khalid S. Jassim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
starting page: 331
ending page: 341

Portrait of Social Life in Fiction
type: item
description: This article analyzes the role of fiction in reflecting social life, its impact on the development of society, social consciousness and cultural processes. The principles of the writer's re-creation of the reality of life through artistic interpretation, the system of images, conflict, plot and sociality based on artistic details are interpreted. Also, the traditions of portraying social life in Eastern and Western literature are covered in a comparative approach.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: portraying social life
  topic: keywords
subject: fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: realism
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahliyo Tojimirzayeva Botirjon kizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 328
ending page: 330

Students’ Love for the English Language
type: item
description: The article explores the concept of students’ love and motivation for learning the English language, highlighting its significance in the development of communicative competence, cognitive abilities, and cultural awareness. English, as a global language, serves not only as a medium of international communication but also as a tool for academic achievement, personal growth, and future professional success. Understanding the factors that influence students’ positive attitudes toward English is therefore essential for designing effective teaching strategies and fostering lifelong learning habits. This study examines both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors that contribute to students’ engagement and enthusiasm for English. Intrinsic factors include personal interest, curiosity about foreign cultures, and the desire for self-improvement, while extrinsic factors involve academic requirements, parental encouragement, and exposure to English-language media. The research emphasizes that a genuine love for the language enhances students’ active participation in classroom activities, facilitates vocabulary acquisition, improves pronunciation and grammatical accuracy, and promotes effective communication skills. Furthermore, students with a positive attitude toward English are more likely to seek opportunities for independent practice, such as reading books, watching films, or interacting with native speakers, which strengthens their overall linguistic competence. The article also investigates the role of teachers in nurturing students’ love for English. Teacher attitudes, instructional methods, and classroom environment significantly affect students’ motivation. Approaches that incorporate interactive teaching, gamification, communicative tasks, and culturally relevant content have been found to stimulate interest and encourage consistent engagement. Moreover, fostering a supportive and enjoyable learning environment helps reduce language anxiety, builds confidence, …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: English language
  topic: keywords
subject: motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nuriddinova Maxfuza Akbar qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 322
ending page: 327

Особенности Перевода Грамматико-Семантических Конструкций Условности И Намерения На Материале Корейского И Русского Языков
type: item
description: в статье рассматриваются особенности перевода грамматико-семантических конструкций условности и намерения на материале корейского и русского языков. Анализ направлен на выявление структурно-семантических различий и сходств в способах выражения условных и интенциональных значений в сопоставляемых языках. Особое внимание уделяется корейским грамматическим показателям условности и намерения и их функциональным соответствиям в русском языке, а также трудностям, возникающим при переводе данных конструкций. В работе показано, что расхождения в грамматической организации и семантической интерпретации данных значений обусловливают необходимость трансформационных приемов перевода. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практике перевода, а также в преподавании корейского языка как иностранного.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: грамматико-семантические конструкции
  topic: keywords
subject: условность
  topic: keywords
subject: намерение
  topic: keywords
creator: Абдуллаева Насиба Хакимбаевна
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 319
ending page: 321

Individual Author Style in Formation Artistic Image of Tools Role
type: item
description: This in the article artistic image individual author of the tools style in formation place and importance literary criticism theoretical and comparative approaches based on analysis In the study metaphor, epithet, simile, symbol, irony similar figurative of tools author worldview, aesthetics views and artistic his/her thinking in expression functional opportunities will be illuminated. Artistic texts analysis based on figurative tools the author's individual creative style determinant main poetic from mechanisms one that scientific in terms of is based on. Research results artistic image tools through author of style aesthetic, semantic and pragmatic aspects formation shows. Article stylistics, literature theory and comparative literary studies in the fields scientific research for theoretical-methodological importance has.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: individual author style
  topic: keywords
subject: artistic image tools
  topic: keywords
subject: artistic image
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdunabiyeva Bahoroy Ikramjon kizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 316
ending page: 318

The Legal-Rational Legitimacy of Internal Affairs Bodies in Ensuring Information Security: A Socio-Philosophical Analysis
type: item
description: This article analyzes the activities of internal affairs bodies in ensuring information security from the perspective of social philosophy. The study, based on M. Weber's theory of legal-rational legitimacy, reveals the powers of internal affairs bodies in the information space, their legality and social validity. At a time when the role of state institutions in ensuring security is increasing in the context of the information society, the issue of the institutional status of internal affairs bodies and their legitimate functioning through legal mechanisms is becoming relevant.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: internal affairs bodies
  topic: keywords
subject: information security
  topic: keywords
subject: legal and rational legitimacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Kadirova Durdona Rustamovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 312
ending page: 315

The Scottish Literary Space Within British Culture: Urban Imagery, Language, And the Construction of National Aesthetic Identity
type: item
description: This article explores the development of modern Scottish literature within the British cultural space, focusing on the concept of sense of place as a key aesthetic and ideological category. Drawing on postcolonial and cultural-literary theory, the study examines how Scottish writers employ urban space, language variation, and historical memory to articulate national identity under conditions of cultural dominance. Particular attention is paid to the literary representation of Glasgow and Edinburgh in the works of Alasdair Gray and Ian Rankin, where the city functions not merely as a setting but as a symbolic and semantic construct. The article argues that modern Scottish prose constructs an alternative aesthetic system through the re-semanticization of local space and language, forming a hybrid cultural model characteristic of postcolonial literature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Scottish literature
  topic: keywords
subject: sense of place
  topic: keywords
subject: national identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Yunusova Dilorom Mukhitdinovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 306
ending page: 311

Translation Strategies for Rendering National Ritual Realias from Uzbek into English
type: item
description: National ritual realias represent culturally specific linguistic units that reflect the traditions, customs, and worldview of a particular community. Their translation poses significant challenges due to the absence of direct equivalents in the target language and culture. This article examines translation strategies used in rendering Uzbek national ritual realias into English. The study aims to identify the most effective methods for preserving cultural meaning while ensuring communicative adequacy for the target audience. The research is based on examples taken from literary texts and ethnographic descriptions translated from Uzbek into English. The findings demonstrate that strategies such as transliteration, explication, descriptive translation, and cultural substitution are commonly employed, often in combination. The article concludes that a flexible, context-dependent approach is essential for achieving a balance between cultural preservation and reader comprehension.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: national ritual realias
  topic: keywords
subject: translation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: linguocultural studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Dildora Shukhratovna Khasanova
creator: Victoria M. Voychenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 303
ending page: 305

MORPHOLOGICAL PECULARITIES OF WORD ACQUISITION IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
type: item
description: The article analyzes word acquisition as a complex process. In the process of analysis, it was found that although borrowed words appear as a pattern and are the object of research of the lexicology department, the spiritual and content filling of this pattern is associated with various social, political, and cultural factors. In fact, language is a social phenomenon, and no change in it occurs without the participation of society, we have distinguished the attempts of the state and society to make drastic changes to the language as a non-linguistic factor, and the gradual adaptation of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical adaptation of the word acquisitions to their own language pattern over time as a linguistic phenomenon.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: morphological acquisition
  topic: keywords
subject: terminological elements
  topic: keywords
subject: convergence
  topic: keywords
creator: Kuziyev Umidjon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 299
ending page: 302

The Peri as One of the Dominant Images in World Mythology
type: item
description: In the mythologies of many peoples of the world, the image of a supernatural female being—commonly known as the peri or its variants—occupies an important place. In European, including English, literary traditions, this figure is referred to as the fairy. The phonetic similarity between the words peri and fairy suggests the existence of ancient cultural contacts between the peoples of the East and the West, which may have influenced both the naming and the characteristics of this mythological image. This article examines the artistic interpretations and distinctive features of the peri as one of the dominant images in world mythology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: East and West
  topic: keywords
subject: mythology
  topic: keywords
subject: peri
  topic: keywords
creator: Bakhodir Kholikov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 295
ending page: 298

The Relationship Between Language and Consciousness in Wilhelm Von Humboldt’s Linguistic Philosophy
type: item
description: Wilhelm von Humboldt's linguistic philosophy posits a profound interconnection between language and human consciousness, viewing language not merely as a communicative tool but as an active force (energeia) that shapes thought and worldview. This article explores this relationship through an analysis of Humboldt's key works, particularly On the Diversity of Human Language Construction and Its Influence on the Mental Development of the Human Species. Drawing on historical and philosophical contexts, it examines how language structures consciousness, influences cultural diversity, and serves as the medium for conceptual formation. The discussion highlights Humboldt's departure from semiotic traditions and his emphasis on linguistic relativity, with implications for modern linguistics and cognitive science. Findings underscore language's role in human mental development, bridging individual cognition and collective cultural experience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wilhelm von Humboldt
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: language and consciousness
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhmonkulov Mavlon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 291
ending page: 294

Semantics and Translation Challenges of State-Indicating Words in Uzbek and English
type: item
description: State-indicating words, encompassing stative verbs, adjectives, copular constructions, and nominal predicates, express static situations, properties, or states rather than dynamic actions. This article explores the semantic and structural differences in expressing states between Uzbek (a Turkic, agglutinative language) and English (an Indo-European, analytic language), with a focus on translation challenges. In English, states are primarily conveyed through stative verbs (e.g., know, be, have) and linking verbs with adjectives, while Uzbek often employs zero copula in the present tense, particle or verbal copulas depending on tense/aspect, and postpositional constructions. Key challenges include aspectual mismatches, copula omission/insertion, lexical gaps (lacunae), and degrees of stativity. Drawing on contrastive linguistics and examples from literary translations, the study highlights system asymmetries that lead to non-equivalence in translation. Recommendations for translators emphasize contextual adaptation and functional equivalence to preserve semantic nuance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: state-indicating words
  topic: keywords
subject: stative verbs
  topic: keywords
subject: copula constructions
  topic: keywords
creator: Kurbanova Khurshida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 286
ending page: 290

The Triz-Imen Method in the Intellectual Development of Children
type: item
description: This article examines the theoretical foundations and practical significance of the TRIZ-IMEN method as an effective pedagogical technology in the intellectual and creative development of children. The possibilities of applying this method in the preschool education process are analyzed, and its impact on children’s speech development, thinking skills, and intellectual potential is highlighted. In addition, the article reveals how the use of the TRIZ-IMEN method enables the organization of the educational process in an engaging, effective, and innovative manner.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: TRIZ-IMEN
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual development
  topic: keywords
subject: creative thinking
  topic: keywords
creator: Esanova Maysara Umirovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 282
ending page: 285

Fundamentals of the Lexicographic Representation of Colloquial Units in the English Language
type: item
description: The article explores the fundamental principles of lexicographic representation of colloquial units in modern English. Special attention is paid to the theoretical challenges associated with defining colloquialism as a lexicographic object, as well as to methodological approaches used in contemporary English dictionaries. The study aims to identify key criteria for the selection, description, and classification of colloquial lexical units, taking into account their stylistic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic characteristics. The findings contribute to the development of a more consistent framework for the lexicographic treatment of colloquial language.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: colloquialism
  topic: keywords
subject: lexicography
  topic: keywords
subject: spoken register
  topic: keywords
creator: Faleeva Anastasiya Vadimovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 278
ending page: 281

Advantages and Limitations of Online Dictionaries
type: item
description: This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and limitations of online dictionaries of the English language as a distinct type of digital lexicographic resource. The study is conducted within the framework of functional, cognitive, and digital lexicography and is grounded in contemporary approaches to linguistic variation and the discourse-conditioned nature of meaning. The empirical basis of the research consists of data drawn from leading English-language online dictionaries, including Oxford English Dictionary Online, Merriam-Webster Online, and Cambridge Dictionary. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the lexicon, multimodality of data representation, corpus-based verification, as well as issues of normativity, methodological heterogeneity, and cognitive reduction in lexicographic description.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: online lexicography
  topic: keywords
subject: electronic dictionaries
  topic: keywords
subject: English language
  topic: keywords
creator: Bushuy Tatyana Anatolyevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 273
ending page: 277

Ielts Listening: Teaching Listening Skills in the Classroom
type: item
description: Anderson, G. (1995). Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications. New York: Freeman. Buck, G. (2001). Assessing Listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kintsch, W. (1998). Comprehension: A Paradigm for Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mendelsohn, D. J. (1994). Learning to Listen: A Practical Guide to Listening Comprehension Activities. San Diego: Dominie Press. Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. A. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vandergrift, L., & Goh, C. C. M. (2012). Teaching and Learning Second Language Listening: Metacognition in Action. New York: Routledge. Yunusova, Z. Z. (2022). LISTENING COMPREHENSION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF LANGUAGE LEARNING AND ITS GENERAL PRINCIPLES. Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences, 2(Special Issue 20), 508-514. Yunusova, Z. (2024). Challenges and Opportunities in Teaching English to Journalism Students. Excellencia: International Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 2(6), 339-341. Zokirova, Z. (2022). The Role Of Listening In Language Acquisition; The Challenges & Strategies In Teaching Listening. Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences, 2(Special Issue 20), 789-793.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: testwiseness
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching for international exams
  topic: keywords
subject: listening process
  topic: keywords
subject: IELTS
  topic: keywords
creator: Xalimova Dilshunos
creator: Mannonova Shahnoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 269
ending page: 272

Metaphorical Expressions in the Uzbek Language and Their Communicative Functions
type: item
description: This study investigates metaphorical expressions in the Uzbek language and explores their communicative functions in everyday speech, literature, and media. Metaphors serve not only as stylistic devices but also as cognitive and cultural tools, enabling speakers to convey abstract ideas, emotions, and social values effectively. The research provides a theoretical framework for understanding metaphors, classifies their types, and analyzes their role in facilitating communication, enriching stylistic expression, and reflecting cultural identity. Examples from contemporary Uzbek language and literature illustrate the multifunctional nature of metaphors. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating metaphor analysis into language education, translation practices, and intercultural communication to enhance comprehension and preserve linguistic richness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uzbek language
  topic: keywords
subject: Metaphor
  topic: keywords
subject: Metaphorical expressions
  topic: keywords
creator: Jumaev Farhod Akmamatovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 264
ending page: 268

Contributions of Human Values in the Society Development
type: item
description: This study makes an effort to delve into the significance of human values in today's interconnected world. Without human values, human civilization may not be able to maintain itself. Consequently, we must have this conversation in order to raise contemporary society's consciousness of human values. Everybody can see that modern civilization is in the midst of a lot of problems. The contemporary world is well-known to be experiencing a human value crisis. It is thought that by putting human values into practice in every culture, a number of national and international issues might be resolved. In order to achieve this, human dignity must be held in the greatest esteem by all members of human society. When it comes to society, human values are paramount. Priority is given to human ideals rather than societal values. A person's view of humanity as a whole is what gives them worth. While it's true that people are society's primary focus, it's also true that contemporary society can never really disappear so long as people are a part of it. Because of how much better communication is now because to technology, our words, deeds, and thoughts directly impact a wider audience than in the past. By writing this piece, the author hopes to get a better grasp of human values' societal relevance and the role they've played in shaping modern civilization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contemporary Society
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Value
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizations
  topic: keywords
creator: Koushik Mishra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 260
ending page: 263

The Role of Teachers in Students’ Educational Journey
type: item
description: Teachers play a vital role in shaping students’ academic achievement, personal growth, and social development. Beyond delivering subject knowledge, teachers influence learners’ attitudes, values, and motivation toward learning and life. Through guidance, encouragement, and constructive feedback, teachers help students build confidence, develop critical thinking skills, and discover their individual strengths. A supportive teacher can inspire curiosity, foster resilience, and create a positive learning environment where students feel safe to express ideas and take intellectual risks. Moreover, teachers often serve as role models, demonstrating ethical behavior, responsibility, and respect, which students may carry into their future personal and professional lives. Therefore, the role of a teacher extends far beyond the classroom, contributing significantly to students’ lifelong development and success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: effective assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: learner-centered roles
  topic: keywords
creator: Otaboyeva M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 257
ending page: 259

Social Service of a Teacher as a Factor in the Ecologization of Public Consciousness
type: item
description: This article investigates the role of a teacher's social service in the greening of public relations and consciousness. The central thesis is that a teacher's perception of their work as a cultural mission and vocation is a key mechanism for fostering environmental awareness among students. The study employs a theoretical methodology, analyzing the intersection of pedagogical activity and social service through the lens of motivation theories (e.g., Maslow, McClelland) and educational concepts. The mechanisms through which the pedagogical process interacts with the socio-cultural environment to promote ecological values are examined. The case of Uzbekistan is used to illustrate the integration of social service concepts into national policy and educational reform aimed at sustainable development. The conclusion posits that a teacher's internal motivation, framed as a calling, is crucial for effective ecological education and, consequently, for the ecologization of public consciousness. The research contributes to understanding the motivational foundations of pedagogical professionalism in the context of global environmental challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social service
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher's calling
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleg V. Kon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 254
ending page: 256

From Ethnic Inheritance to Futuristic Societies: Identity, Alterity, and World-Building in Ursula K. Le Guin
type: item
description: Ursula K. Le Guin is frequently celebrated for her radical reimagining of gender, culture, and society within speculative fiction; however, critical discussions often underplay the significance of her ethnic positionality as a white American writer in shaping these imaginative worlds. This article argues that Le Guin’s early exposure to anthropology and Indigenous cultural frameworks mediated through her upbringing in an intellectually cross-cultural environment produced a hybrid epistemic identity that profoundly influenced her literary world-making. Rather than writing from an unexamined position of Western authority, Le Guin transforms her whiteness into a site of ethical questioning and cultural reflexivity. Through a close reading of The Left Hand of Darkness (1969) and Always Coming Home (1985), this study demonstrates how Le Guin’s speculative societies resist fixed notions of gender, ethnicity, linear progress, and imperial dominance. The androgynous world of Gethen and the future ethnography of the Kesh people reveal a sustained critique of Western binaries and colonial modes of knowledge production. By situating Le Guin’s fiction within debates on ethnicity, anthropology, and cultural hybridity, this article offers a nuanced understanding of how early cultural exposure shaped her lifelong engagement with alternative futures. The study contributes to scholarship on speculative fiction by foregrounding authorial ethnicity as a productive, rather than limiting, force in literary imagination.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ursula K. Le Guin
  topic: keywords
subject: Whiteness
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: Speculative Fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity Formation
  topic: keywords
creator: Seema K
creator: Chitra Panikkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 492
ending page: 497

Shaping the Future from the Margins: Afro-American Identity, Survival, and Radical Hope in Octavia E. Butler’s Parable Novels
type: item
description: Octavia E. Butler emerges as a foundational figure in American speculative fiction by foregrounding Afro-American experience within dystopian futures. This article argues that Butler’s racial identity as an Afro-American writer decisively shapes the social, ethical, and political imagination of Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents. Rather than treating the future as a detached or universal space, Butler constructs dystopian worlds that extend historical patterns of racial inequality, economic dispossession, and institutional violence. Through the protagonist Lauren Olamina and the philosophy of Earthseed, Butler reframes survival as a collective, adaptive, and morally grounded practice rooted in Afro-American historical consciousness. The study situates the Parable novels within Black feminist thought and Afrofuturist discourse to demonstrate how Butler resists dominant narratives of progress and technological salvation. Her fiction insists that the future cannot erase race but must confront its enduring structures. By analysing how Butler integrates race, embodiment, and ethical responsibility into speculative world-building, this article highlights her contribution to reimagining futurity as an ongoing struggle shaped by memory, resilience, and communal care. The article contributes to contemporary literary scholarship by foregrounding Afro-American identity as the generative force of Butler’s dystopian imagination.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Octavia E. Butler
  topic: keywords
subject: Afro-American Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Afrofuturism
  topic: keywords
subject: Dystopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Black Feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Survival Ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Seema K
creator: Chitra Panikkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 248
ending page: 253

The Association of Social Media to Body Image and Effects on Adolescents Self-Esteem in Some Selected Schools in Bamenda I Sub Division
type: item
description: The pervasive use of social media has transformed how adolescents perceive themselves, often shaping body image ideals and influencing self-esteem. Body Image Perception refers to how adolescents view and evaluate their physical appearance relative to societal and media standards. Self Esteem is an adolescent’s overall sense of self-worth and confidence, influenced by external validation and internal assessment. Peer Comparison refers to the process through which adolescents evaluate their appearance and achievements in relation to peers. Online validation is all about likes, comments, and feedback that reinforces self-perception positively or negatively. This study examined the association between social media usage, body image perception, and self-esteem among adolescents in selected secondary schools in Bamenda I Sub-division, North West Region of Cameroon. The study was guided by Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954), which explains how adolescents evaluate themselves by comparing to peers and media figures; Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), highlighting how societal focus on appearance fosters self-objectification; Self-Discrepancy Theory (Higgins, 1987), describing emotional discomfort from mismatches between actual and ideal selves; and Uses and Gratifications Theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1974), which explains adolescents’ active engagement with media to fulfill needs such as social validation and entertainment. Employing a cross-sectional mixed-methods design, 250 adolescents were selected via stratified random sampling. Quantitative data were collected using standardized questionnaires on social media engagement, body image dissatisfaction, and self-esteem, while qualitative data were obtained via focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Results indicated a significant positive relationship …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Yimeli Lonpa Mirabelle
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 234
ending page: 247

Tashkent - The Center of Islamic Civilization
type: item
description: Tashkent occupies a special place in the socio-economic, cultural and spiritual development of Central Asia and has made a significant contribution to the centuries-old historical and evolutionary processes of development. In this place there are ruins of ancient Kangaroo settlements, in particular architectural monuments built in Tashkent in the Middle Ages, as well as many historical, archaeological and cultural monuments preserved in the city of Tashkent and its surroundings. The article provides information about scientists who lived in Tashkent in the Middle Ages and made a great contribution to the Islamic civilization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Shash
  topic: keywords
subject: Ilak
  topic: keywords
subject: Tashkent
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdurasilov Shahrukh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 230
ending page: 233

The Role of Plot and Conflict in O'tkir Hoshimov's Novel "Lives Passed in a Dream"
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the issues of plot and conflict in O'tkir Hoshimov's novel "Lives Passed in a Dream." In the work, the plot is constructed based on real-life events and develops through the contradictions between human fate, society, and the individual. The novel's plot is enriched not so much by sequential events as by the characters' inner experiences, psychological struggles, and life choices. Conflicts are primarily internal (psychological) and external (social) in nature, serving to reveal the main characters' spiritual quests, pangs of conscience, and the problems of the era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: O'tkir Hoshimov
  topic: keywords
subject: Lives Passed in a Dream
  topic: keywords
subject: plot
  topic: keywords
creator: Khabibullayeva Zilolakhon Ikromjon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 225
ending page: 229

Legal Basis of the Prosecutor's Powers at the Stage of Initiating a Criminal Case
type: item
description: This article analyzes the prosecutor's powers and their limitations at the stage of initiating a criminal case, based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. The procedural involvement of the prosecutor in the pre-investigation verification process and the possibilities of influencing decisions on initiating or refusing to initiate criminal proceedings are examined based on legal norms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Criminal case initiation stage
  topic: keywords
subject: prosecutor's powers
  topic: keywords
subject: limitations of powers
  topic: keywords
creator: Olimjonov Khumoyun Jakhongir ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 221
ending page: 224

Lexicography and its Role in the Formation of a Linguistically Competent Language Personality
type: item
description: This article analyzes the role and significance of lexicography in the formation of a linguistically competent language person scientifically and theoretically based on Russian language materials. In the course of the research, the essence of the discipline of lexicography, the stages of historical development of Russian lexicography, the main types of dictionaries and their functions in the development of language competence are highlighted. The role of explanatory, translation, terminological and phraseological dictionaries in the educational process is also revealed, and their potential for the formation of lexical, communicative and intercultural competence in learners is shown. The article scientifically substantiates the fact that working with lexicographic sources is an important factor in the development of the language person's independent thinking, speech culture and skills in observing language norms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: lexicography
  topic: keywords
subject: Russian language
  topic: keywords
subject: lexicology
  topic: keywords
creator: Laylo Elmuradova Normuratovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 217
ending page: 220

Connotative Meaning of Uzbek Verbs: Evaluative, Emotive and Stylistic Components in Lexicographic and Literary Data
type: item
description: Connotation is often treated as a secondary layer of meaning; however, in verb semantics it plays a central role in shaping evaluation, emotional colouring, and stylistic positioning. This paper investigates the connotative meaning of Uzbek verbs with particular attention to their evaluative, emotive, and stylistic components as reflected in lexicographic descriptions and literary usage. The study is based on qualitative analysis of verb entries drawn from the Uzbek Explanatory Dictionary and contextual examples extracted from classical and modern Uzbek prose, including works by Abdulla Qodiriy and O‘tkir Hoshimov. By examining near-synonym verb sets, the research demonstrates that connotative distinctions among Uzbek verbs are systematic and relatively stable, rather than incidental or contextually random. The findings show that evaluative judgement, emotional stance, and register are encoded in verb choice and significantly influence interpretation in discourse. The paper argues that connotative information should be treated as an integral part of verb semantics and more explicitly represented in lexicographic practice and literary analysis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uzbek verbs
  topic: keywords
subject: connotation
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluative meaning
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirzaabdullaeva Makhliyoxon Khosiljon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 214
ending page: 216